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This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including chlorine (see ICSC 0126), hydrogen chloride (see ICSC 0163) and phosgene (see ICSC 0007). Store in an area without drain or sewer access. A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. Camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. [11][12] Both medications contain only the gamma-HCH isomer, and are available as prescription-only medications. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the northern front range from "serious" to "severe." Rinse mouth. Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. In humans, lindane primarily affects the nervous system, liver and kidneys, and may be a carcinogen and/or endocrine disruptor.[1][2]. In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agencys Cancer Assessment Review Committee for lindane downgraded the carcinogenic classification of lindane from possible to suggestive evidence, concluding that the data did not support the need for further study of the carcinogenic risks in humans. Fish, marine mammals and birds in the region are exposed to environmental pollutants, increasing the stress of the marine ecosystem. For these purposes, 105 fish were exposed to different concentrations of Lindane for 96 h in 5 groups with 3 replications. WebLindane, a lipophilic pollutant, may be toxic to organisms. %PDF-1.4
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2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (Octinoxate, Uvinul MC80) Glyceril octanoate dimethoxylcinnamate. [30][31]The US FDA continues to maintain that lindane medications have necessary health benefits that outweigh potential risks and should remain available for patients with head lice, scabies and pubic lice (crabs) who have few treatment alternatives. 0000006477 00000 n
Headache. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. WebThis Lindane Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document replaces the earlier National Marine Fisheries Service No Observed Adverse Effect Level National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System EPA Office of Pesticide Programs Population Adjusted Dose Pesticide Analytical Method Public Document For materials described using UN3077, Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. and UN3082, Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s., see 172.102(c)(1), special provision 441 for additional provisions; and. [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. Column 1 is labeled S.M.P. for Severe Marine Pollutants and Column 2 is Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. WebThe concentration addition model was applied to determine whether toxicity of two compounds, phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and lindane [7][11][12] [16] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Indeed, most of the adverse human health effects reported for lindane have related to agricultural uses and chronic, occupational exposure of seed treatment workers to agricultural-grade lindane. 0000006190 00000 n
The mark must appear on each side and each end of the transport vehicle or freight container, and must be visible from the direction it faces. Your browser does not support JavaScript. Lindane is moderately toxic to mammals and may be a neurotoxin. Nausea. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. 0000047710 00000 n
The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. The symbol and border must be black on a white or suitable contrasting background. The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. [3] It is presently banned in more than 50 countries, and is being considered for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, which would ban its production and use worldwide. (Note: These events represent the most common reported to the FDA and do not represent the most common events associated with the use of lindane lotion and lindane shampoo overall). Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the (a) For vessel transportation of each non-bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant -, (1) For a proper shipping name used to describe a hazardous material that is a marine pollutant and assigned the letter G in column (1) of the 172.101 hazardous materials table or that contains the text n.o.s., the name of the component which makes the material a marine pollutant must be marked on the package in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name unless the proper shipping name identifies by name the component which makes the material a marine pollutant. (ii) 5 kg (11 pounds) or less net capacity for solids. (c) A transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to the marking requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark. Routes of exposure
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Previous work showed that Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 degrades lindane and that, in the presence of the pesticide, [27] Similar findings were noted by U.S. Geologic Survey teams in 1999 and 2000. To use all the functions on Chemie.DE please activate JavaScript. 0000057176 00000 n
It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices of De-Contamination Exchanged. WebLindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. Refer immediately for medical attention. A wide range of pollutionfrom plastic pollution to light pollutionaffects marine ecosystems. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. It is of particular concern because of 104 22
Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. 0000000736 00000 n
The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. [29] Modern manufacturing standards for lindane involve the treatment and conversion of waste isomers to less toxic industrial chemicals, a process known as cracking.[26][29] Today, only a few production plants remain active worldwide to accommodate public health uses of lindane and declining agricultural needs. However, a significant amount of Lindane is also found in The width of the border forming the square-on-point marking must be at least 2 mm. Medical observation is indicated. Larger than the issue of lindane toxicity are concerns related to the non-gamma isomers of HCH, namely alpha-HCH and beta-HCH, which are notably more toxic than lindane. [1] The substance may have effects on the nervous system, bone marrow and liver. This study investigates acute toxicity and histological effects of Lindane insecticide on intestinal tissues of immature grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). [16] The vast majority (85%) of these reports488 totalwere classified as nonserious, while serious events most often resulted from product misuse (80% of serious cases). [7][8][9] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also includes lindane medications in their Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines as viable treatment alternatives for the management of scabies and pubic lice, consistent with the approved prescription labeling for these products. In the U.S., lindane medications are approved for the treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs), and head lice. Cyanobacteria are able to tolerate, and even metabolize, moderate doses of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), one of the most persistent and widely used in recent decades. In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses of lindane, limited in recent years to pre-planting seed treatments. [4][6] It is banned in 52 countries and the state of California, and is under review for addition to the Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants. [7][16], In all age groups, reported adverse events occurred mainly in patients with contraindications to the use of lindane or in those who appeared to have misapplied or orally ingested medication. 0000001244 00000 n
The International HCH and Pesticide Forum has since been established to bring together experts to address the clean-up and containment of these sites. Molecular mass: 290.8
However, Morton Grove presented new facts supporting its case for jurisdiction in Illinois and the Court held that Morton Grove's "Second Amended Complaint would provide specific jurisdiction over the Center and Weil." [6] It also notes that careful consideration should be given before prescribing lindane medications to patients with conditions that may increase the risk of seizure, such as HIV infection, history of head trauma or a prior seizure, CNS tumor, the presence of severe hepatic cirrhosis, excessive use of alcohol, abrupt withdrawal from alcohol or sedatives, as well as concomitant use of medications known to lower seizure threshold. Rest. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. [18], Canadas Pest Management Regulatory Agency phased out of all agricultural uses of lindane between 2000 and 2005 due to concerns of chronic occupational exposure and risks to workers during seed treatment and planting. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. 125 0 obj
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Effects of short-term exposure
As noted by the U.S. District Court, the case pleads that [d]efendants swap agricultural and pharmaceutical research selectively quoting and/or misstating findings from studies relating to the agricultural use of lindane, and widely disseminate false, misleading, and defamatory statements about the safety profile and effectiveness of lindane.[34] On June 18, 2007, Judge Elaine Bucklo issued a written decision denying defendants motion to dismiss and further held that Morton Grove had properly pled a case suitable for trial on the following counts: defamation, false advertising under the Federal Lanham Act, trade disparagement and violation of the Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practice Act. (B) Bulk packages with a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons); or. This article is based in part on the public domain US government document at FDA.gov. Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (-HCH) and benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine insecticide that has been used in agriculture and in pharmaceutical products for the treatment of headlice and scabies. [4][5] This is not unlike other medications where the active ingredient has other non-healthcare applications. (i) At least 100 mm (3.9 inches) as measured from the outside of the lines forming the border for marks applied to: (A) Non-bulk packages, except in the case of packages which, because of their size, can only bear smaller marks. WebThe MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: Symbol (fish and tree): Black on 104 0 obj
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WebTherefore, if: (1) p-Dodecylphenol is a synonym to Dodecylphenol; and (2) the concentration of Dodecylphenol in the solution is at least one percent by weight, then the answer would be yes and "Lubrizol 9222R" would appear to be a marine pollutant. Transportation 49.172.101List of Marine Pollutants. [28] More specifically, the EPA conducted down-the-drain estimates of the amount of lindane reaching public water supplies from the use of lindane medications using data from California water treatment facilities, concluding that lindane levels from pharmaceutical sources were extremely low and not of concern.[5]. <<77808EBE95D8C749B7A9AFF580CD8412>]>>
People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its contact with eyes, skin and via inhalation. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark shall be placed in association with the hazard warning labels required by subpart E of this part or, in the absence of any labels, in association with the marked proper shipping name. WebThe table located at Appendix B to 172.101, List of Marine Pollutants, contains two columns. [citation needed], The US EPA has determined that lindane does not contaminant drinking water in excess of the Agency's level of concern. Lindane is the main insecticide produced in China. Decomposes on heating and on burning. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. WebInternational initiatives on Lindane include the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution; the Rotterdam Convention; the OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic, the Great WebLindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA's Great Waters Program due to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. xref
The MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: (2) The marking must be in the form of a square-on-point. [32][33] In the U.S., petitions to ban the use of pharmaceutical lindane have been rejected by the FDA and determined to be without merit by experts working with this regulatory agency. The companys promotion agreement with Alliant Pharmaceuticals, which commenced in 2005, was terminated May 2007. Each side of the mark must be -. [23] However, more recent evaluations by subject matter experts do not support this rating. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. 0000003215 00000 n
Lindane has adverse effects on WebLINDANE ICSC: 0053 IMPORTANT DATA PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE: ODOURLESS, WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER CHEMICAL DANGERS: On contact with hot surfaces or flames this substance decomposes forming toxic and corrosive fumes including phosgene and hydrogen chloride. Gyceril PABA. WebIn the case of marine pollutants also meeting the criteria for inclusion in another hazard class, all provisions of this subchapter relevant to any additional hazards continue to (2) Be marked on each end and each side with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark if the packaging has a capacity of 3,785 L (1,000 gallons) or more. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. Lindane has long been associated with pollution due to its long persistence and quick accumulation in fatty tissues. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and trichlorobenzenes (see ICSCs 0344, 1049 and 1222). WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER. (see also Regulatory Status). startxref
Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents. 0000001327 00000 n
[13], The State of California banned the pharmaceutical use of lindane, effective 2002. The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. Inhalation risk
If the size of the package so requires, the dimensions/line thickness may be reduced, provided the marking remains clearly visible. This may result in convulsions. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard; or. Refer for medical attention . hYio+QB L` EDl+b?5 %U`{W5=;" C*LOu3],5K1v)v..%S]*&dc?>|]^+}.{|xu}>_]_og|Sn6?8WagnsyY~9,6lY|y
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Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. This mark may be displayed in black lettering on a white square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its trailer
Carefully collect remainder. Cough. Ethyl-4-aminobenzoate. To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. [7] [17] When used properly, lindane medications are safe and effective for the diseases they are approved. xb```"cV @16$!Lvr p'wO'w6%nY38rg?&')(Iq^ YNH(Hinthr;.5. (1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: (i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or, (ii) A net mass of 5 kg (11 pounds) or less for solids. Tremor. Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. [1] In 2003, the EPA reported on the results of large-scale water contaminant testing of 16,000 water systems serving 100 million people across the U.S. and found that none contained lindane levels above the maximum contaminant level standard considered safe. [4] Lindane has not been manufactured in the U.S. since the mid-1970s but continues to be imported and formulated for restricted use. A marking in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue to be used until December 31, 2016. %PDF-1.6
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[6] Mexico has committed to a structured, voluntary phase out of lindane through the North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) but currently authorizes agricultural, veterinary and healthcare uses. [7] Worldwide, effective treatment options for the control of scabies and lice are relatively limited. 1997-2023 LUMITOS AG, All rights reserved, https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Lindane.html, Your browser is not current. UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III, Prepared by an international group of experts on behalf of ILO and WHO,
They are second line treatments, meaning they are prescribed only when first-line therapies have failed, cannot be tolerated or are otherwise contraindicated. Vomiting. Marine pollutants or environmentally hazardous substances are materials that can pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems. Marine pollutant is a term mainly used by IMDG code while the term " environmentally hazardous substances " are used by other dangerous goods regulations such as ADR and IATA. UN Classification
(d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required -. [7] (see also Regulatory History) Repeatedly, the FDA has concluded that lindane medications provide public health benefits at an acceptably low level of riska factor for all medications. A medication guide, written in plain English, was also developed and is now required by law to be dispensed with every lindane prescription dispensed in the U.S. to better educate patients and caregivers on safe application technique. WebLINDANE: ICSC: 0053 (November 2016) gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma-BHC gamma-HCH: CAS #: 58-89-9: UN #: 2761 EC Number: 200-401-2 ACUTE Reacts with bases. 0000002858 00000 n
Web( d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required ( 1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: ( i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or ( ii) A net Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod (ii) At least 250 mm (9.8 inches) for marks applied to all other bulk packages. Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. Fresh air, rest. Over time, lindane is broken down in soil, sediment and water into less harmful substances by algae, fungi and bacteria; however, the process is relatively slow and dependent on ambient environmental conditions. [7], In 1995, lindane medications were designated second-line and are now reserved for patients who are unable to tolerate or have failed first-line treatmentsa growing problem in the U.S. and elsewhere due to increased rates of resistance. Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. To explore the toxic effects of lindane and the underlying mechanisms of this toxicity, the animal model Caenorhabditis The EPA has approved the use of lindane stockpiles through 2009. Sore throat. 0000004014 00000 n
It is highly toxic to fish and honeybees and moderately toxic to most Hepatic cytochrome P-450 oxygenase system. For example, warfarin is used as a rodenticide to poison mice and rats (e.g., Kaput, D-Con) but is also formulated for medical use as an oral anticoagulant or "blood thinner" to treat patients with heart attacks, strokes and other clot-related disorders (e.g., Coumadin). [1][19] The most common side effects with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. [11][12], While adverse reactions can occur with use of low-dose topical pharmaceutical formulations, serious effects are rare and have most often resulted from the misuse of medication. In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified lindane as a possible human carcinogen. [1] The ecological impact of lindanes environmental persistence continues to be debated. Chemical dangers
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[4] There is a bill in the New York State Assembly and Senate to ban its use in head lice products and limit its use on scabies, which had not passed as of September 2007. [4][25] The latter includes the U.S. and Canada, which support public health uses of pharmaceutical lindane but no longer allow agricultural applications. [15] Central nervous system stimulation ranging from dizziness to seizures, has also been reported; however, serious effects, like seizures, have almost always resulted from oral ingestion or misuse of medication (e.g., repeated treatments or prolonged applications). [18] (see also Agricultural vs. Healthcare Applications) [1] Alpha- and beta-HCH were used agriculturally in the U.S. in the form of technical-grade HCH until 1976 and are also produced as manufacturing by-products but are void of insecticidal properties and have little to no use. with the financial assistance of the European Commission. However, lindane medications remain available in Canada for public health purposes as non-prescription therapies. Convulsions. In the 1940s, lindane was registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in 1951 it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in the treatment of scabies, head lice and pubic lice (crabs). WebLindane Can Be Toxic to Humans Lindane, also known as g-hexachlorocyclohexane (g-HCH), is commonly used in shampoos and other topical treatments for head lice and Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance, chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gloves. Symbol (fish and tree): Black on white or suitable contrasting background. "[14], The most common side effects associated with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash.
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